Association between food intake and the serum total cholesterol level among adults in 9 regions of China / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective@#To analyze the association between food intake and the serum total cholesterol(TC) level in adult Chinese population.@*Methods@#This study included apparent healthy residents aged between 20 and 70 years who participated in the eighth round of China Health and Nutrition Study (CHNS) in 9 regions of China including Liaoning, Helongjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2009. The association between the serum TC level and the diet and other related factors were analyzed.@*Results@#(1) Linear trend test showed that age, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were positively related with serum TC level in 20-45 and 46-70 years old male and female (all P<0.01), while physical activity level was negatively related with serum TC level in 20-45 and 46-70 years old male and 46-70 years old female (all P<0.01). (2) Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that livestock meat intake was positively related with serum TC level in following populations: 20-45 years old male, β=0.133, P<0.001; 46-70 years old male, β=0.102, P=0.001; 20-45 years old male, β=0.065, P=0.041; years old female, β=0.059, P=0.045. Vegetable oil intake was negatively related with serum TC level in 20-45 years old male (β=-0.071, P=0.021). Saturated fat intake was positively related with serum TC level in 46-70 years old female (β=0.084, P=0.019). Total dietary cholesterol intake was positively related with serum TC level in male (20-45 years old, β=0.067, P=0.021; 46-70 years old, β=0.070, P=0.012), but not in female (20-45 years old, β=0.007, P=0.809; 46-70 years old, β=0.038, P=0.144). Cholesterol intake from livestock meat was positively related with serum TC level in male (20-45 years old, β=0.156, P<0.001; 46-70 years old, β=0.099, P=0.001), and positively related with serum TC level in 46-70 years old female (β=0.063, P=0.028). Cholesterol intake from egg was positively related with serum TC level in 46-70 years old male (β=0.056, P=0.032).@*Conclusions@#Age, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood pressure, and physical activity level are related with serum TC level. Cholesterol intake from livestock meat was the main food source that related with serum TC level, and the serum TC increases at a relatively small level after intake of total dietary cholesterol.

Calcium requirements for Chinese adults by cross-sectional statistical analyses of calcium balance studies: an individual participant data and aggregate data meta-regression / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Chinese dietary reference intakes for calcium are largely based on foreign studies. We undertook meta-regression to estimate calcium requirements for Chinese adults derived from calcium balance data in Chinese adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We searched PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and SinoMed from inception to March 5, 2014, by using a structured search strategy. The bibliographies of any relevant papers and journals were also screened for potentially eligible studies. We extracted a standardized data set from studies in Chinese adults that reported calcium balance data. The relationship between calcium intake and output was examined by an individual participant data (IPD) and aggregate data (AD) meta-regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We identified 11 metabolic studies in Chinese adults within 18-60 years of age. One hundred and forty-one IPD (n = 35) expressed as mg/d, 127 IPD (n = 32) expressed as mg×kg body wt(-1)×d(-1), and 44 AD (n = 132) expressed as mg/d were collected. The models predicted a neutral calcium balance (defined as calcium output (Y) equal to calcium intake (C)) at intakes of 460 mg/d (Y = 0.60C+183.98) and 8.27 mg×kg body wt(-1)×d(-1) (Y = 0.60C+3.33) for IPD, or 409 mg/d (Y = 0.66C+139.00) for AD. Calcium requirements at upper intakes were higher than that at lower intakes in all these models.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Calcium requirement for Chinese adults 18-60 years of age approximately ranges between 400 mg/d and 500 mg/d when consuming traditional plant-based Chinese diets.</p>

Determination of Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, Iridium and Platinum in Copper-Nickel Sulfide Ores by Bismuth-Antimony Fire Assay / 分析化学

A bismuth-antimony fire assay method for the preconcentration of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium and platinum in copper-nickel sulfide ores was developed. 40. 0 g bismuth trioxide, 25. 0 g boric acid, 10. 0 g sodium carbonate and 1. 00 g starch were mixed with 10. 0 g sample in a 120 mL porcelain bowl, which was put in a furnace at 850 ℃. After 20 min the temperature was raised to 1000 ℃ and held for another 40 min, and then the bowl was taken out, with the slag poured, which left the bismuth button to air cooling. A two-step cupellation procedure was developed. During the first step, the bismuth button was cupellated in a magnesia cupel until its diameter reached 5 mm or so, then it was transferred to a crucible cover containing 20 g melting antimony and kept cupellating, at last a bead with a diameter of 1 mm was obtained. The bead was microwave-digested, after cooling down to room temperature, the solvent of which was transferred to a volumetric flask and diluted to 10 ml with water. Pt and Pd were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry ( ICP-AES), while 99 Ru, 103 Rh, 191 Ir were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with 115 In, 185 Re as internal standard. RSD (n = 12) of the analysis results of five platinum group elements ( PGEs) in standard reference material GBW07196 ranged from 7. 04% to 9. 48% . Under the condition of 10 g sample, the detection limits (ng / g) for PGEs are 0. 027 for Ru, 0. 016 for Rh, 0. 11 for Pd, 0. 10 for Ir and 0. 11 for Pt. The method was applied to the determination of PGEs in GBW07194, GBW07195, GBW07196 with satisfactory results.

Multivitamin and Mineral Supplements on the Quality of Llife of Healthy Persons / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To explore the effects of multivitamin and mineral supplements on self-evaluation of mood and health status in healthy volunteers.Methods:149 healthy volunteers took multi-nutrient supplements or placeboes for 8 weeks, and self-evaluation of mood and health status was evaluated by Profile of Mood States and 36-item short-form health survey.Results:Self-comparing POMS scores, active group's scores of vigor were significantly increased, from 14.2? 4.6 to 15.5 ? 4.9(t=2.74,P37)were significantly improved. But the placebo group and young volunteers were not significantly improved. Conclusion: The intervention of multivitamin and mineral supplements can improve elderly healthy persons' mood and healthy status.

The effects of an instant haw beverage on lipid levels, antioxidant enzyme and immune function in hyperlipidemia patients / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the effectiveness of an instant haw beverage in regulating lipid disturbance, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and immune function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data was collected from 60 hyperlipidemic subjects. In this crossover design, each subject randomly received either the instant haw beverage (100 ml corresponding to 3 g of haw powder or 30 g of fresh haw fruit plus the carrier-guar gum plus some starch) or placebo (guar gum 1.5 g plus some starch as the carrier of the beverage) twice daily. Each supplementation lasted 31 days with a 28-day washout period between treatments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The instant haw beverage significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (9.6%), triglyceride (12.1%), LDLC (18%) while significantly increased SOD activities (7.5%). The placebo was shown to have positive results in some of the lipid profiles, though the effects of the instant haw beverage demonstrated greater significance. Serum triglyceride levels were significantly decreased and SOD activity significantly increased only as subjects were supplemented with the instant haw beverage while no significant changes were seen with placebo.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Supplementation with the instant haw beverage positively affects blood lipid profile, antioxidant status and immune function in individuals with hyperlipidemia.</p>

EFFECT OF GLUTAMINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON GLUTAMINE METABOLISM IN EXERCISING MICE / 营养学报

Objective: To approach the effects of glutamine supplementation on plasma and muscle levels of glutamine, and the activities of tissue glutamine synthetase and glutaminase after high intensity exercise. Methods: BAL/C mice were randomly divided into high intensity exercise(2% body weight load) and control groups to swim 2 hours per day for 8 weeks. Results: To compare with control group, high intensity exercise reduced glutamine levels in plasma and muscle by 74% (P

CROSS-VALIDATION FOR MEASURED AND PREDICTED BASAL METABOLIC RATE IN CHINESE ADULTS / 营养学报

Objective:To estimate the validation of BMR predictive equations applied in Chinese population and to analyze racial and climatic influence on BMR. Methods: BMR data tested in Chinese were collected and combined for re-analysis. These measured BMR were compared with the prediction of commonly used equations. Results:The prediction of adopted equations was well associated with measured values (P0.05). Conclusion:There is no racial BMR difference between Chinese and Caucasian. BMR in southern population tended to be lower. Comprehensively, the prediction of Henry-equation was closer to measured BMR in Chinese adult population.